Introduction
Basic Equation for Numerical Model
Model Evaluation
3.1. Model Specification
Table 1
Table 2
3.2. Model Evaluation
Field Application
4.1. Model Formulation for Serial Breakwaters
4.2. Field Stem Wave Response Analysis
Results and Discussions
1. The difference of the stem wave amplification along the vertical breakwater is not significant. The regular wave model shows undulation, whereas the Boussinesq model shows smooth response. In general the stem wave height increases at early stage but becomes stable after about 8 wave length away from the structure tip.
2. The stem waves due to the regular model show the pattern of standing wave as the incident angle increases, while Boussinesq model reduces this pattern due to the irregular wave nature. However, the width of stem waves shows almost the same. The width of the stem waves with the incident angle β=10° is about twice of the wave length, whereas β=19° gives a half of this.
3. In field analysis with serial breakwaters, the gap between breakwaters and aligned angle cause more complicate stem wave generation. Although the clear development of stem wave pattern did not appear, it was found a secondary stem wave form through the breakwater gap. The finding means that there might be a possible stem wave development at the lee side of breakwaters through the gap depending on the incident wave direction. This impact should be included in the analysis of waterway tranquility near the breakwaters in the approaching channel.